The Major Goals Of Software Quality Assurance Essay

Goals, Attributes, and Metrics Of SQA The major goals of Software Quality Assurance are as follows: Requirements quality: In order to make sure the good quality of a software product certain characteristics of requirements model like correctness, completeness and consistency play a very crucial role. The various attributes of the Requirement quality are Ambiguity in the communication , Completeness of the requirements models, Understandability of all deliverables, Volatility, Time (by activity) if any change in deliverable, Traceability, Model clarity for exact communication. The metrics to be followed for the quality in this stage are as follows: Calculate the total ambiguous modifiers(e.g., many, large, human-friendly), Technology Based Assessment and Task Based Development, give various sections/subsections, Number of rectifications in a requirement, total requirements that are not identified by design/code, total UML models used, Number of descriptive pages per model, all the UML errors. Design quality: Software design model is an important factor of software quality. Software developers should make sure that the product being designed is very much in compliance with the requirements model. The attributes of design quality are Architectural completeness, Component integrity, Complication of procedural design, Interface elaboration, Layout relevancy and Patterns The metrics to be followed for the quality in this stage are as follows: ïÆ'Ëœ Endurance of architecturalShow MoreRelatedTraining For Building Secure Software Security Activities853 Words   |  4 PagesThe BSIMM states that intelligence practices result in collections of knowledge to use to carry out software security activities throughout your organization (2015). The collection of security knowledge included in the intelligence domain are policy, standards, design and attack patterns in reference to a secure architecture and secure development framework within the SSF (McGraw, 2006). 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Teaching Philosophy, Theories, And Pedagogies Work For...

Course Question Paper- â€Å"In light of what we know about how people learn, how shall we best teach?† Cindy Vang Concordia University, St. Paul, ED514.671 Professor Chuck McGill December 12, 2016 There is not a single â€Å"correct† way to teach, but the best way to teach is to discover what teaching philosophy, theories, and pedagogies work for your teaching style. â€Å"The best way to teach† is unique to each individual teacher. Even so, there are some aspects of teaching that are important to being an effective teacher. Some of the facets I will be discussing include understanding the Concordia University Educator as Professional Decision Maker, Reflective†¨Practitioner, and Adaptive Expert conceptual framework, learning theories to consider, and effective classroom practices. Concordia University’s (2015) mission for the Department of Graduate Teacher Education is to â€Å"prepar[e] professionals at the advanced/graduate level to be decision makers, reflective practitioners, and adaptive experts for teaching, research, and leadership in diverse and global educational communities† (p. 2). In order to achieve this mission, Concordia University will provide students with a broad, liberal arts education. The purpose of this is to help expose and expand their knowledge of a variety of topics. The overall experience and knowledge gained from Concordia University will prepare graduates with essential skills to help them succeed in the workforce. Concordia University’sShow MoreRelatedTeaching As A Brilliant Lesson Essay812 Words   |  4 PagesIn the past I thought that ‘teaching’ a brilliant lesson would help students to learn, but I have gradually realised that didactic teaching has little or no impact on the majority of our s tudents. 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Analyze the Theories Managing Human Resources

Question: Analyze the Theories of Managing Human Resources. Answer: Introduction The primary aim of the essay is to analyze the theories on human resource management and work life balance and examine its effectiveness on global environment. The essay discusses the theories on flexibility and work life balance. It analyzes the effect of working extra hour on its employees and organization and how it can be harmful. It analyzes the how employers could facilitate work life balance during economic downturns. It also discusses the implication of excessive working hours on the performance of employee and managers. The author will use various theories to support its argument and analyzes the case study to present its argument. Work life balance prioritizing the balance between work and lifestyle. The essay discusses how organizations achieve work life balance keeping the interest of both employers and employees (Smeaton et al., 2015). Body Human resource management is the management of employees and human resources in an organization. It includes management of people, recruitment, training, and development, performance, providing orientation and developing skills of its employees. The responsibility of the human resource team in an organization is to maintain employees, recruitment and selection, performance appraisal, training and development and workforce planning. The task if human resource management is to hire the employees that posses some value that is essential to the organization to accomplish its goal (Bratton Gold, 2015). Work life balance is creating a balance between work and human lifestyle. It means creating a balance of employees so that they can earn adequate income without hampering the responsibilities of employees towards its family. Work life balance is lifestyle choice. The research shows that working extra hour accounts for a total of seventy one billion dollar unpaid work each year. When the employees in an organization have to give an extra working hour in an organization they have to compromise the hour that they could have given to their family and leisure activities. Work life balance includes leave arrangement is an organization so that employees can find some time for family and other personal relationships. In order to increase productivity it is essential for people to take breaks and go on a vacation. Creating a right balance between work and life will increase efficiency by giving new positivity to life (Gangwisch, 2014). The main key feature of work life balance program includes giving flexibility to its employees to choose the career of their own choice. Work life policy programs in Australia includes flexible hours, part time work, job sharing, working from home, employee assistance program, relocation service and granting casual laves so that employees can invest time for personal needs and family time as well (Healey, 2008). Flexible work arrangement is the situation or schedule that is different from the traditional schedule in the work place. It includes flexible shift timings at office, flexible work locations and flexible work arrangements. . The main issues with flexibility are trust and supervision, communication, and fairness (Vandello et al., 2013). The flexibility of work arrangement has altogether moved to a new pattern according to Juliet Bourke. Flexibility instead of spreading positivity at workplace is involved in spreading negativity moving away from original paradigm. Flexibility at work arrangement now means how the employers in an organization can now get more out of fewer people. The main aim of the employers in an organization is to cost minimization and profit maximization. When fewer people come to office the cost of providing them laptop and other resource reduces. So they engage employees in getting them worked for longer hours. The employers are now focusing on reducing the work week and work arrangement in order to retain the workers. Flexibility is not always beneficial every time as the employers puts the extra workload on the other people in order to compensate the flexibility applied by the other. In this case the workload on some people increases that leads to unbalance in work and lifestyle (Darcy et al., 2013). Employers often put work pressure in those employees who are committed towards work so this reduces the work life balance leading to less time availability. The policy of getting more work done form employees is not productive as the people often have to work under string stress condition. In the view to save time and travel cost few employees engage in working from home. This often leads to increase in cost as most of the time they have to teleconference that leads to lots of wastage on money and cost. To reap the maximum benefit from the policy of more out of less the organizations have to be efficient. For this the organizations have to be structurally efficient and the job roles need to redesign. Due to flexibility and more out of less policy the talented employees are not properly absorbed. Flexibility has moved from its original paradigm to an extent that is necessary and inevitable. Proper management of the organization could lead to proper efficient work force having work lif e balance (Hill et al., 2012). The major challenges with the work life balance program are that it becomes difficult for the organizations to adapt the change. The conflict between the working groups arises in an organization. The valuable time of the managers in an organization is wasted since they have to research and re write the human resource policies according to the demand of its employees (Jones et al., 2013). Many organizations have realized the importance and benefits of flexible work arrangement. According to some recent research seventy nine percent of the organizations are indulging in providing greater work flexibility. Many organizations are introducing part time work and flexible working hours to boost the employee morale and efficiency of the firm. Flexibility is essential in organizations as it is critical part of employee engagement strategy and is required to develop diverse high work performance in workplace. Flexibility is also essential for employers as it reduces the cost. It also provides employees to spend more time with their family. Most of the people work for forty eight hours and sixty percent of the people do not take regular holidays (Masuda et al., 2012). Excessive working hours in an organization has negative impact and implication on both managers and employees. It has negative implication on productivity on employees and managers. Excessive working hours can be in form of stretched long working hours, overtime or extended hours per day. Long working hours not only hamper the employees and managers but also the people associated with them that includes family members, and community. It hampers the employee performance and social abnormalities as well. Long working hours result in increase in stress, sleeplessness, fatigue, and health issues that has effect on the performance of the employees and organizations. Increased working hours also posses the problems for managers as it leads to increase in production cost and production of cheap quality of goods and services. Increase in work hours can lead to increase in health problems such as lower back injury, high blood pressure, mental issues, stress, fatigue and higher suicide rates. Increased working hours also increases the risks of safety (Fursman Zodgekar, 2009). Most importantly increase in working hours leads to decrease in productivity. Studies show that if people work more than sixty hours in a week the productivity decreases by twenty five percent. Increased working hours leads to increase in stress that in turn leads to increase in customer dissatisfaction. The main result is seen in the fall in the quality of goods and services (Fagan et al., 2012). A study in United States showed that as the overtime of work increases by ten percent the productivity decreases by 2.4 percent. There are many reasons for lower productivity because of the increase in the working hours ("Flexible working arrangements Flexibility in the workplace - Fair Work Ombudsman", 2016). One of the reasons is fatigue. When employees are too tired and stressed physically and mentally they dont perform the tasks to their best ability. This results in the fall in productivity. When the work hour increases then the work rate slows down and unproductive time increases. Long working hours also leads to increase in absenteeism that directly hampers the productivity of the organization. It is not only the employers and employees that get affected but also the community because people get irritated working for longer hours so this has impact on the behavior that they show to society. Extra incentives should be given to the people who are using their valuable time in of fices by investing the valuable time. Time management techniques needs to be established in organizations in order to mitigate the ill effects of overtime on health and productivity. Managers should encourage vertical and horizontal communication in organizations. The employees should be well motivated in order to want him to work for extra hour. Working overtime has many ill effects especially on the productivity and efficiency of the organization. Performance of employees and managers will increase due to overtime only when the workers are motivated and appraised for their performance by giving them extra monetary value and incentive (Christensen Schneider, 2015). During economic recession many organizations tend to lay off workers. It is essential for the organization to manage the remaining work force after lay off. The managers should keep in mind that the work and life balance of its employees is preserved or not. Work life balance during economic downturns can also be taken care of by the managers by providing monetary compensation to the ones who are being terminated for no valid reason. Managers can also use the insurance policies and retirement plans to benefit the employees and maintain their work life balance. The remaining employees in the business operations are the ones who would bring the organizations into competitive force (Campbell, 2015). So these employees should be compensated by the managers so that they give hundred percent in their work to resolve the competitiveness of firm. It is essential for the managers to understand the grievances of employees and take proper financial steps so that the period of recession is mitig ated. It is essential to make the employees understand the positive impact of flexible working hours on personal life as well as organization. The employees who are being laid off should be made to understand the reason why they are being laid off and they too are essential part of the organization. It is essential for the organization to convey the employees that as soon as the organization will have enough resource they will be employed in the organization and will also be given extra incentive in order to keep them motivated. Proper allocation of resources in an organization is essential during economic downturn. Time management is essential to balance career with lifestyle. Flexibility work arrangement should be adopted in organizations so that the employees are satisfied and they can give time to their family as well along with work. It is essential for the employees to see everyone in organization equally. Discrimination of any kind is harmful. Proper work decision is essentia l for effective utilization of time and resources. Work life balance during the time of economic recession or downturn can be achieved by proper forming proper policies and strategies. The main responsibility is that of the human resource manager (Perlow Kelly, 2014). During the time of economic downturn the working hours of many employees is reduced so that they can balance work and life through flexible work arrangement. The salaries and wages are then paid according to the time that they deliver. But in organizations where the work culture is strong organizations realize that it would not be beneficial for the firms to reduce the working hour. The main benefits of flexible working hours in an organization is that it has more control over time, and also allows the employees to spend more time with their family (Vandello et al., 2013). Conclusion: Work life balance and flexibility at work arrangement both has pros and cons. If it is managed properly then its result will benefit both the organization and employees. With the change in tradition the work load is also increasing. There are many ill effects of working overtime and main hamper is on productivity of employees and organization. In order to increase profitability and productivity it is essential for the workers to maintain the family as well as career. This can be maintained by properly managing time. The main role of human resource manager is to manage the employees and keep them motivated so that together they can work to achieve the goal of the firm. Both the employers and employees should work together to achieve one common goal set by the organization. References Allen, T. D., Johnson, R. C., Kiburz, K. M., Shockley, K. M. (2013). Workfamily conflict and flexible work arrangements: Deconstructing flexibility.Personnel Psychology,66(2), 345-376. Bratton, J., Gold, J. (2015). Towards Critical Human Resource Management Education (CHRME): a sociological imagination approach.Work, Employment Society,29(3), 496-507. Brown, V. R. (2015).The Impact of Flexible Work Arrangements on Employee Engagement(Doctoral dissertation, Auburn University). Campbell, K. M. (2015). Flexible Work Schedules, Virtual Work Programs, and Employee Productivity. Christensen, K., Schneider, B. (Eds.). (2015).Workplace flexibility: Realigning 20th-century jobs for a 21st-century workforce. Cornell University Press. Darcy, C., McCarthy, A., Hill, J., Grady, G. (2012). Worklife balance: One size fits all? An exploratory analysis of the differential effects of career stage.European Management Journal,30(2), 111-120. Fagan, C., Lyonette, C., Smith, M., Saldaa-Tejeda, A. (2012).The influence of working time arrangements on work-life integration or'balance': a review of the international evidence(No. 32). ILO. Flexible working arrangements Flexibility in the workplace - Fair Work Ombudsman. (2016). Fairwork.gov.au. Retrieved 17 May 2016, from https://www.fairwork.gov.au/employee-entitlements/flexibility-in-the-workplace/flexible-working-arrangements Fursman, L., Zodgekar, N. (2009). Making It Work: The Impacts Of Flexible Working Arrangements On New Zealand Families.Social Policy Journal Of New Zealand, (35), 43-54. Gangwisch, J. E. (2014). Work-life balance.Sleep,37(7), 1159. Healey, J. (2008).Work-life balance. Thirroul, N.S.W. : Spinney Press, 2008 Hill, E. J., Hawkins, A. J., Ferris, M., Weitzman, M. (2001). Finding an extra day a week: The positive influence of perceived job flexibility on work and family life balance*.Family relations,50(1), 49-58. Jones, F., Burke, R. J., Westman, M. (2013).Work-life balance: A psychological perspective. Psychology Press. Masuda, A. D., Poelmans, S. A., Allen, T. D., Spector, P. E., Lapierre, L. M., Cooper, C. L., ... Lu, L. (2012). Flexible Work Arrangements Availability and their Relationship with Workà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ toà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Family Conflict, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover Intentions: A Comparison of Three Country Clusters.Applied psychology,61(1), 1-29. Perlow, L. A., Kelly, E. L. (2014). Toward a model of work redesign for better work and better life.Work and Occupations,41(1), 111-134.. Smeaton, D., Ray, K., Knight, G. (2015). Costs and benefits to business of adopting work life balance working practices: A literature review.UK Department for Business, Innovation and Skills, London. https://www. psi. org. uk/images/uploads/bis-14-903-costs-and-benefits-to-business-of-adopting-work-life-balance-working-practices-a-literature-review. p df. Accessed,4. Vandello, J. A., Hettinger, V. E., Bosson, J. K., Siddiqi, J. (2013). When Equal Isn't Really Equal: The Masculine Dilemma of Seeking Work Flexibility.Journal Of Social Issues,69(2), 303-321.

Thinking and Writing about Art History

This essay will discuss the painting by Samuel Richards which is called Blissful Hours. It is necessary for us to focus on the artistic elements of this picture and its theme. The author completed it in Munich in 1885. Eight year later it was first exhibited in Chicago World’s Columbian Exposition. This is an oil picture, and its canvas is 39 1/2 x 57 1/4 inches.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Thinking and Writing about Art History specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Samuel Richards’s letter, this work depicts a village girl who works on her bridal dress (Tottis, 216). The artist has never explicitly stated the purpose of this work. Yet, one can deduce that he strives to portray the life of rural people in the nineteenth-century Europe. The main message of this picture can open to various interpretations, for instance, it can demonstrate how women of that period were dependant on marital status and how important wedlock was for them. This picture has some elements of Romantic and Baroque painting. In particular, one can speak about the blurring of shapes and colors. The painter used this element of design in order to focus the viewer’s attention on the maiden rather than on some elements of decor like furniture. Samuel Richards uses grey, white, and beige colors. In many cases, they merge into one another. Perhaps, in this way, he tried to emphasize the gentleness of this village girl. Again, this response can be explained by the fact that she is placed in the most illuminated part of the room and the viewers can see her tender face and hands. It is possible to say that she is the focal point of this painting. This work fits into the career of this artist. One can draw parallels between this painting and some other works by Samuel Richards, for example, German Girl, or Head of a Peasant. Overall, rural life is an important theme in his works (Tottis, 216). Mo reover, one should take into account that this artist grew up and often lived in such environment. Thus, this painting fits his career and life. While working on this painting the author relied primarily on visual rather than literary sources. This work of art can tell us much about the social relations of that period. In particular, it can show that marriage was of the crucial importance for women of that period. It was one of the ways in which they could raise their social status. Overall, this work was praised for its realistic portrayal of village life and household (Tottis, 217). In terms of themes, this work can be compared to other works done at the same time, for instance, the painting by Jean-Francois Millet which is called The Gleaners. This painting also depicts the life and labor of rural women.Advertising Looking for essay on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As far as the process of this artistic piece is conc erned, we can say that very little is known about it. Samuel Richard completed this painting in Munich and he was working in a village near this city. Yet, there are no preliminary sketches of this artistic work. This artistic piece represents American painting of the nineteenth century. It can give us a glimpse in to the life of rural society of that period. Moreover, this artistic piece is significant from purely artistic standpoint. Samuel Richards’ use of color, his sense of unity and proportion can still be admired. One should take into account that the artist portrays not only one girl, but probable a whole generation of rural and peasant women. This is why one can say that this work is symbolic. Works Cited Tottis, James. American paintings in the Detroit Institute of Arts: Forging a modern  identity : masters of American painting born after 1847. Detroit: Giles in association with the Detroit Institute of Arts, 2005. Print. This essay on Thinking and Writing about Art History was written and submitted by user James Buchanan Barnes to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Definition and Examples of Exhortation

Definition and Examples of Exhortation An exhortation is a  speech that attempts to encourage, motivate or incite an audience through strong emotional appeals. Here are some examples from famous works. Henry Garnets Address to the Slaves​ Look around you, and behold the bosoms of your loving wives heaving with untold agonies! Hear the cries of your poor children! Remember the stripes your fathers bore. Think of the torture and disgrace of your noble mothers. Think of your wretched sisters, loving virtue and purity, as they are driven into concubinage and are exposed to the unbridled lusts of incarnate devils. Think of the undying glory that hangs around the ancient name of Africaand forget not that you are native-born American citizens, and as such, you are justly entitled to all the rights that are granted to the freest. Think how many tears you have poured out upon the soil which you have cultivated with unrequited toil and enriched with your blood; and then go to your lordly enslavers and tell them plainly, that you are determined to be free. . . .[Y]ou are a patient people. You act as though you were made for the special use of these devils. You act as though your daughters were born to pamper the lusts of your ma sters and overseers. And worse than all, you tamely submit while your lords tear your wives from your embraces and defile them before your eyes. In the name of God, we ask, are you men? Where is the blood of your fathers? Has it all run out of your veins? Awake, awake; millions of voices are calling you! Your dead fathers speak to you from their graves. Heaven, as with a voice of thunder, calls on you to arise from the dust.Let your motto be resistance! resistance! resistance! No oppressed people have ever secured their liberty without resistance. What kind of resistance you had better make, you must decide by the circumstances that surround you, and according to the suggestion of expediency. Brethren, adieu! Trust in the living God. Labor for the peace of the human race, and remember that you are four millions!(Henry Highland Garnet, speech before the National Negro Convention in Buffalo, N.Y., August 1843) Henry Vs Exhortation at Harfleur Once more unto the breach, dear friends, once more;Or close the wall up with our English dead!In peace, theres nothing so becomes a man,As modest stillness and humility;But when the blast of war blows in our ears,Then imitate the action of the tiger;Stiffen the sinews, summon up the blood,Disguise fair nature with hard-favored rage. Then lend the eye a terrible aspect;Let it pry through the portage of the head,Like the brass cannon; let the brow oerwhelm itAs fearfully as doth a galled rockOer hang and jutty his confounded base,Swilled with the wild and wasteful ocean.Now set the teeth, and stretch the nostril wide;Hold hard the breath, and bend up every spiritTo his full height! On, on, you noble English,Whose blood is fet from fathers of war-proof!Fathers, that, like so many Alexanders,Have, in these parts, from morn till even fought,And sheathed their swords for lack of argument;Dishonor not your mothers; now attest,That those, whom you called fathers, did beget you!Be copy now to men of grosser blood,And teach them how to war! And you, good yeomen,Whose limbs were made in England, show us hereThe mettle of your pasture: let us swearThat you are worth your breeding; which I doubt not;For there is none of you so mean and base,That hath not noble lustre in your eyes.I see you stand like greyhounds in the slips, Straining upon the start. The games afoot;Follow your spirit: and, upon this charge,CryGod for Harry! England! and Saint George!(William Shakespeare, Henry V, Act 3, scene 1. 1599) Coach Tony DAmatos Halftime Address to the Players The inches we need are everywhere around us. They’re in every break of the game, every minute, every second. On this team, we fight for that inch. On this team, we tear ourselves and everyone else around us to pieces for that inch. We claw with our fingernails for that inch because we know when we add up all those inches that’s gonna make the . . . difference between winning and losing! Between livin and dyin! I’ll tell you this: In any fight, it’s the guy who’s willing to die who’s gonna win that inch. And I know if I’m gonna have any life anymore, it’s because I’m still willin to fight and die for that inch. Because that’s what livin is! The six inches in front of your face! Now I can’t make you do it. You got to look at the guy next to you. Look into his eyes! Now I think you’re gonna see a guy who will go that inch with you. Youre gonna see a guy who will sacrifice himself for this team because he knows when it comes down to it, you’re gonna do the same for him! That’s a team, gentleman! And, either we heal, now, as a team, or we will die as individuals. That’s football guys. Thats all it is.(Al Pacino as Coach Tony Damato in Any Given Sunday, 1999) ​Parody of Exhortation in Stripes Were all very different people. Were not Watusi. Were not Spartans. Were Americans, with a capital.  A, huh? You know what that means? Do ya? That means that our forefathers were kicked out of every decent country in the world. We are the wretched refuse. Were the underdog. Were mutts! Heres proof: his nose is cold! But theres no animal thats more faithful, thats more loyal, more loveable than the mutt. Who saw Old Yeller? Who cried when Old Yeller got shot at the end? I cried my eyes out. So were all dogfaces, were all very, very different, but there is one thing that we all have in common: we were all stupid enough to enlist in the Army. Were mutants. Theres something wrong with us, something very, very wrong with us. Something seriously wrong with uswere soldiers. But were American soldiers! Weve been kicking ass for 200 years! Were ten and one. Now we dont have to worry about whether or not weve practiced. We dont have to worry about whether Captain Stillman wants to have us hung. All we have to do is to be the great American fighting soldier that is inside each one of us. Now do what I do, and say what I say. And make me proud.(Bill Murray as John Winger in Stripes, 1981)

Strategic Management Essays

Strategic Management Essays Strategic Management Essay Strategic Management Essay Essay Topic: The Glass Castle As the textbook say: The positive view of strategy is concerned with the firms actual strategy and how it comes to be. The normative view, on the other hand, is concerned with what the firms strategy should be. Positive view is actual exist but normative view is opinion based. . How do you assess innovative capabilities in a business or corporation. Innovation capabilities can be defined as the comprehensive set Of heartsickness of an organization that facilitate and support innovation strategies. Innovative capabilities exist at the business unit and corporate (multi business) levels. Business unit level audit: Timing of market entry. Technological leadership or fellowship. Scope of innovativeness. Rate of innovativeness. Five important categories of variables influence the innovation strategies of a business: Resources available for innovative activity Capacity to understand competitors strategies and industry evolution with respect to innovation Capacity to understand technological developments elevate to the business unit. Structural and cultural context of the business unit affecting internal entrepreneurial behavior. Strategic management capacity to deal with internal entrepreneurial initiatives. Corporate level audit: In general, corporate level innovate capabilities can be characterized in terms of: The scope and rate of development of new products and services and production and delivery systems that are derived from combining innovative capabilities across existing business units. The scope and rate of new business development based on corporate R and technology development efforts. The timing of entry with respect to the previous two. Five categories of variables are considered for the corporate level audit: Resource availability and allocation. Virgin offers two mobile broadband tariffs (see Table 1). Its launch offering was a standalone package of BOB for GOBI 5 per month. It was followed shortly afterwards by the launch of a bundle of fixed and mobile broadband services, priced at either KBPS or GOBI more than the fixed broadband service on its own. No further tariffs have been introduced. Table 1: Virgin Medias mobile broadband tariffs [Source: Analyses Mason, 2009] Tariff Price Standalone Bundled Bandwidth cap Excess charge Contact length GOBI 5 BOB GUPPY per MOB 18 months KBPS or GOBI addition to fixed broadband price KGB 12 months The lower price is available to subscribers of higher-speed fixed broadband services. Virgins standalone offering is not differentiated from the competition However, there is little to differentiate Virgin Medias standalone offering from the competition: it is almost identical to the tariffs of the Auks five Moos, including those of its host, T- Mobile. All five Moos charge no more than Virgin for the same package, at GOBI 5 per month (see Table 2), and have offerings that are superior in several ways. For example, T-Mobile does not levy excess charges on its subscribers, which Virgin and the other four operators do. This gives T-Mobile an advantage in winning subscribers who want to be able to predict the of the size of their bill. Most of the other operators also offer a choice of contract lengths and prepaid tariffs; Virgin offers neither. T-Mobile offers four contract lengths (including a rolling contract) as well as prepaid accounts; Hutchison 36 1-J and Avoidance offer three (and prepaid) and 02 offers two (and prepaid). Only Orange is the same as Virgin in offering no choice at all. Table 2: I-J operators standalone mobile broadband offerings [Source: Analyses Mason, 2009] Operator Contract types/lengths offered Prepaid Rolling 12-month 24-month (18-month contract) 8 GOBI 5. 00 Virgin Media Modem price Excess charges? Free Yes Hutchison G 9 02 GUPPY. 69 Orange GUPPY. 68 T-Mobile No Avoidance Note: Introductory discounts, where applicable, have been spread over the duration of the contract to enable comparison. 1 12-month contract. Avoidance does not offer a rolling contract, but it has a powerful alternative in the form of its prepaid deal, which offers subscribers credit that lasts for six months, as compared with the more common one-month expiry limit for prepaid credit. L For further details, see Wheaton, M. Moos should priorities prepaid mobile broadband offers over rolling monthly contracts, Analyses Mason (Cambridge, 2009). O Analyses Mason Limited 2009 3 Virgin (and Orange) are therefore unable to address two key market segments, which comprise users who are: ; unwilling to commit to a contract either because they are new to mobile broadband, or for other reasons unlikely to view a contract as good value for money because their usage will be low or irregular. Hutchison 36, T-Mobile and Avoidance are able to address the needs of these customers, whereas Virgin (and Orange) are likely to struggle.

Decision Modeling (Management Decision Models) 2 Assignment

Decision Modeling (Management Decision Models) 2 - Assignment Example Looking or preferring to deal or accept only one discipline may be detrimental to an individual’s worldly-wisdom (Munger & Kaufman, 2008). This is why he is against poetry professors who look at life from an unrealistic point of view. He considers them to be unwise, from a worldly point of view, which is a disastrous way to operate in the real world. Psychology may be the guide to understanding the manner in which things operate and function. According to Munger, it is impossible to be worldly-wise without psychology. When things happen around individuals, it is the role of psychology to help the individual identify this, and identify with the situation (Munger & Kaufman, 2008). If things are not happening, psychology also assists in enabling them to realize this, and adapt. Miscalculation can arise without the presence of psychology and this is why it is crucial to have it as a discipline in one’s arsenal (Mauboussin,

Otiz v. St. Peter's Case Study Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Otiz v. St. Peter's Case Study - Term Paper Example This will be helpful in warding off turf wars between services providers such as radiologists and cardiologists who may antagonize each other over the specialty that should be reading 64-slice CT angiograms and analyses. The corollary to this is that the partners must be sober when negotiating the contract. This vigilance will help maintain specificity in the scope of services more accurately. The scope should be accurate and broad enough to capture both ongoing and future services that are to be rendered. In this effect, it becomes obvious that Oltz was slighted since he had been delivering all his services. In this above wavelength, it is also important that the parties ensure that necessary resources needed to render the services are available. This will ward off the need to hire the services of a subspecialist, only a short while into the contract. It is also important that at this juncture, the vending company should negotiate with the healthcare institution on the right of first refusal. This will help protect the vendor’s exclusivity in its field of services delivery and specialty. It is most likely that Oltz was enjoying the right of first refusal and had ably been discharging his duties to the hospital until the physician anesthesiologists unfairly elbowed him out of operation. According to Devers (2003), the parties must also seriously moot termination issues. Termination issues are spelt in bond financing 501 (c) (3) and modify the terms, length and limits of an exclusive contract. Though the longest term of an exclusive contract is three years, the partners must ascertain whether the contract can be automatically renewed or not. In the event that this contract is nonrenewable, the partners will have to renegotiate on the contract’s expiry. St. Peter’s Community Hospital is culpable in this case since it neither considered the terms of the contract it had entered with Oltz, nor did it follow the contract termination process. Another important

Emerging Economy Of Russia Essay Example for Free

Emerging Economy Of Russia Essay Since Russia suffered the economic crisis in 1998, its economy has grown steadily. The growth has been attributed to investments, consumer demand, the prices of oil and cheap ruble. Since the financial crisis, Russia’s financial position has improved, with the poverty level declining and the middle class improving. The country has the third largest oil reserves in the world, thanks to the earnings from the oil exports, which have enabled it to increase the oil reserves. It also enjoys a bilateral market access agreement in partnership with the United States, with its companies involved in acquisitions and mergers at a global level in the oil, metals, telecom and the gas industries. (The economy of Russia, 2008) The aim of this essay is to describe what it has taken Russia for its economy to emerge to what it is today. Its also purposed to find out how its economy has benefited from globalization. The start of Russia’s economic growth Economics is one part of globalization, and it has been argued that it carries with it major changes in all walk of life. Anthony Gibbons said that, â€Å"globalization is an irresistible force, transforming all aspects of contemporary society, politics and the economy. † Howard says that many writers have expressed the hope that it eventually leads to the introduction of world wide western-style, democratic institutions and human rights. Concerning globalization in Russia, he says that it has had long ambient feelings about its place in the world. Russia focuses its attention towards Europe, Asia, and the Islamic world and at the same time is able to concentrate on its economy. It has been called a civilization of its own, as at times, it wants to be a civilization on its own and at others; wanting to be associated with the Western world. However, it’s clear that Russia has always wanted to be accepted in the civilized world. (Wiarda Howard J. , 2008) Howard continues to say that Russia was far behind the race for globalization. He gives these reasons as; first, that Russia did not possess the technical wherewithal to compete with countries like India, much less those in the EU of the United States. The second reason he gives is that since the collapse of communism in December1991, the country has been so destabilized and so chaotic that the idea of its being able to join the process of globalization was wishful thinking. He says that for the past twenty odd years, Moscow has had more important priorities. Its focus was on transition, from the old communist to a new, different, and for many years undefined political and economic system. The centre of a globalized economy took second, if not the fourth or fifth, or even a lower place in its priorities. (Wiarda Howard J. , 2008) Later on, the importance of globalization was realized in Russia. It was important, in that there was the hope of it bringing modern technology to the country. Bringing globalization to Russia was however a hard task, facing one problem after another, such as corruption, which made it expensive and hard to operate there. There was also no system of commercial laws and capitalist style work habits, both of which are necessary if a country expects to create modern, capitalist, multinational organizations and be competitive in a capitalist market. Not only did Russia have a little impact on globalization, but until recently, one could argue that the impact of globalization itself on Russia was minimal. The country was too weak and isolated, and besides that, cultural factors played a role. (Wiarda Howard J. , 2008) The role of the government in Russia’s economic growth When he came to power, Mikhail Gorbachev was convinced that he could revitalize the communist system-that it was not so much as the system, but bureaucratization and Stalinization that had put the country in a period of stagnation. However, Gorbachev’s efforts to invigorate the communist system ended in failure in December 1991, when the soviet’s union flag was lowered over the Kremlin to be replaced by the Russian tricolor. There was a short lived effort to create the â€Å"Commonwealth of Independent States. † (CIS) an organization that Moscow hoped would help keep the USSR together. Later on, it was realized that the CIS existed in name only, as the USSR evolved into fifteen different countries. This forced the Russian federation to go it alone. Vladmir Putin succeeded Gorbachev. He hoped to rebuild the country to the point where the rest of the world would take it seriously. He also wanted the country to have the kind of economic that other countries like India had with the United States. He made it clear that the change would be evolutionary and not revolutionary or cataclysmic as it had been before. He advocated for globalization, but only if it was in accordance to the Russian political culture. He also outlined a number of areas that he believed were important in the management of the countries economy and in the incorporation of globalization such as integrating the Russian economy into world economic structures and engaging in a battle against the economic crimes. Putin’s efforts to influence relations with other countries One of the major goals of Putin was to bring globalization to Russia. He was especially concerned in improving the relations of the country with the U. S. He made it clear that while there might be differences of opinion between the United States and Russia, he was prepared to talk. An example of efforts by the government leaders to improve relations with the U. S was the June, 2001 Foreign minister Igor Ivanov talks with the Bush administration. There were a series of exchanges between Kremlin and Washington, and the two men agreed to meet in Slovenia. The Ljubljana summit had a major, positive impact o the U. S-Russian relations, thanks largely to the personal ‘chemistry’ between the two men. Despite substantive differences, it was clear that the atmosphere between the two countries had improved. The best news however was on the issue of globalization, where President Bush announced that he would support Russia’s application to join the World Trade Organization (WTO), an action that would significantly increase Russia’s interdependence with the rest of the world. Putin put efforts to gain the trust of President Bush, as he would also lay an important role in marching Russia towards globalization. (Wiarda Howard J. , 2008) Trade in Russia After sixty years as an instrument of the state plan, trade in Russia has irrupted as one of the most volatile elements in the present economy and society. Caroline, in her book, â€Å"The unmaking of a soviet life† suggests that the post-soviet Russian economy is dominated by ‘merchant capital’ meaning that the enterprises seek profit from commerce rather than through the transformation of production. In the sphere of production, a lot of the old Soviet structure remains. What more is that the merchant capital does not evolve spontaneously into modern capitalism; rather, like the past alliance of merchant capital with feudal dominant classes, the present cliental links between Russian managers and organs of political power prevent the growth of autonomous bourgeoisie. (Humphrey Caroline, 2002) In Russia, many provinces cannot still balance their budgets. They rely on financial budgets from Moscow, meaning that very generally, money circulates through regional governmental budgets, only to certain parts of the population: key industries (power, transport), state employees (administrators, doctors, teachers), and state dependants (pensioners, invalids, war veterans). Successful traders reap this cash, giving rise to a number of support industries for the rich New Russians, as they are called, such as car-repair firms, security teams, and builders of their new houses. (Humphrey Caroline, 2002) In the historical long duration, Russian state policy towards trade has been characterized by autocratic, centralized control with a few temporary windows of quasi-free trade. Russia’s economic SWOT analysis Opportunities The World Trade Organization is an opportunity for Russia. As a member of the WTO, Russia would be in a better position to diversify and to expand its production and foreign trade. The bulk of international trade is determined by comparative advantage and trade in differentiated products, by economies of scale and by advantages in imperfect competition. Accessions to the membership in the WTO would require comprehensive commitments by the Russian government to reduce its tariffs and to provide greater market access to all of its regions. The implementation of the commitment in the medium term, prescribed by the WTO rules and regulations, would increase long-term economic flexibility within and among the international sectors. In general, the entry of Russia to the WTO would build a body of commercial law in Russia conforming to WTO standards and would foster interdependence between external and internal codes. Strengths Some of its strengths are that it is well endowed with scientists, engineers and mathematicians, as well as with a low cost and a highly motivated young labor force. The availability of such resources has been of importance in the development of Russia’s economy. Another strength of the Russian economy is the diversification of it economy, which has led to the growth of its international trade, and has made it possible to mitigate the impact of external cyclical and oil shocks. (Letiche John M. , 2007) Its massive and exploitable hydrocarbon reserves, precious metal deposits and potentially vibrant industrial base are of great importance in the growth of the Russian economy. Threats On the other hand, one of the threats to the Russian economy is the enlargement of the European Union. Although it seems to be an opportunity to the economy, Russia should not be too sure about it. There is evidence that the EU might be a threat without intending to be one. The problems have become obvious, by looking at the dependency, national identity, regional split and generally cost approaches. The EU has often been looked at by its members as a safe harbor important to reach, and this view proves to be problematic. Greece has been a victim of this, when its economic growth stagnated after joining the EU. Russia should realize that dependency, instead of cooperation is dangerous. Also, the enormous costs of the EU membership for the countries would probably endanger the economic growth of the countries. (Ledderhos Manja, 2007) Weaknesses The economy of Russia has been growing, although the growth rate has been slow. It is said that a growing economy is the best way to show the government’s effectiveness in leading the country. However, there is the danger of an obsession with the economic growth, leading to a neglect of the structural shifts and the quality of growth. An overdependence of Russia to its massive resources like oil and gas could create structural weaknesses within the economy as energy prices fluctuate like it happened in 1998. (Strengths and weaknesses, 2007) Conclusion There is no doubt that the Russian economy has undergone a big change, from the fall of communism in 1991 to the economic crisis in 1998 and the growing economy it is today. However, the government needs to watch the trends of the economic growth. The country has also welcomed globalization, hence the availability a bigger market for it products and more investment opportunities for the foreigners. This means that if the government would expose the economy more to globalization, then there would far greater markets for its oil, gas, metals and other resources. Other countries that have not had the opportunity to invest in the country would also do so. Finally, Russia should put more effort in pushing for their entry to the World Trade Organization as this will be of importance in boosting its trade opportunities with other countries. It would also result to a more or a faster growth of its economy. References 1) Humphrey Caroline, The unmaking of Soviet life: everyday economies after socialism, Cornell University Press, 20022) Ledderhos Manja, SWOT Analysis of Transition Countries in the Baltic Sea Region, GRIN Verlag, 2007, pg 17-18 3) Letiche John M. , Russia moves into the global economy, Routledge, 2007, pg 34 4) Strengths and weaknesses of the Russian economy, 3/1/2007, Russia in global affairs, retrieved on 4/1/2009 from http://eng. globalaffairs. ru/numbers/18/1090. html 5) The economy of Russia (Russia), Spain Exchange, retrieved on 4/1/2008 from http://www. spainexchange. com/guide/RU-economy. htm 6) Wiarda Howard J. , Globalization: universal trends, regional implications, UPNE, 2008

The Southern Social Themes of Barn Burning :: Barn Burning Essays

Written as it was, at the ebb of the 1930s, a decade of social, economic, and cultural tumult, the decade of the Great Depression, William Faulkner's short story "Barn Burning" may be read and discussed in our classrooms as just that--a story of the '30s, for "Barn Burning" offers students insights into these years as they were lived by the nation and the South and captured by our artists. This story was first published in June of 1939 in Harper's Magazine and later awarded the 0. Henry Memorial Award for the best short story of the year. Whether read alone, as part of a thematic unit on the Depression era, or as an element of an interdisciplinary course of the Depression '30s, "Barn Burning" can be used to awaken students to the race, class, and economic turmoil of the decade. During the 1930s, the Sartoris and Snopes families were overlapping entities in Faulkner's imagination. These families with their opposing social values spurred his imagination at a time when he wrote about the passing of a conservative, agricultural South and the opening up of the South to a new era of modernization. This depiction of the agrarian society of the Sartoris family connects Faulkner to the nostalgic yearnings for a past expressed in I'll Take My Stand, the Fugitives' manifesto of 1930, a book opening the decade yet echoing sentiments of past decades. At the start of our classroom discussion of "Barn Burning," we can explain the tenets of the Fugitives, their traditional, aristocratic attitudes, and their reverence for the landed gentry life style. We can focus on the description of the de Spain home and property, with its opulence and privilege, as representative of the Agrarians' version of "the good life." Early we need to emphasize and discuss the attraction of the y oung boy Colonel Sartoris Snopes to the security and comfort of this style, his attraction to his namesake's heritage. In his rendition of the Sartoris-like agrarian society, Faulkner acknowledges its dichotomy: the injustice, the lack of fair play, the blacks' subservience, and the divisiveness within the community which empire builders like the Sartorises and the de Spains wrought. It is, of course, this very social inequity, the class distinction, and the economic inequality against which Sarty's father Ab Snopes' barn burning rails. We now can lead our students to the evidence of these social injustices within the story by identifying exemplary moments and scenes.

ISP †Child’s Play Essay

In life, everyone has experiences which cause them to lose sight of who they truly are. In these situations one will face challenges and discover their darkest desires and deepest temptations. In Alice Munro’s short story Child’s Play, the conflict between Verna, Marlene and Charlene is portrayed through Munro’s use of literary devices which ultimately reveals the loss of innocence experienced by the characters. This is evident in Marlene and Charlene’s life as the use of imagery exploits the drastic transformation they experience. Similarly, foreshadowing techniques display the inner turmoil the protagonists are facing. Lastly, situational irony is used to show the characters final transition from the innocent people they were to the guilty people they have become. The narrator uses imagery to give insight on Marlene and Charlene’s characters, revealing their loss of innocence. As Marlene grows up, she begins to recognize the harsh realities of the world around her. The change is evident when she describes these changes from her own perspective, â€Å"Every year when you’re a child, you become a different person. Generally it’s in the fall when you re-enter school, take your place in a higher grade, and leave behind the muddle of summer vacation. That’s when you register the change most on† (Munro 1). The use of imagery in this situation clearly shows how change is a crucial part of life and that it is unescapable. As one grows up, childhood fantasies begin to fade as darkness consumes the innocence of the world. Through continuous use of imagery, Munro describes the deterioration of the conflicted mental states of the protagonists. This struggle between right and wrong is seen when Marlene and Charlene decide to drown Verna. â€Å"Verna’s head did not break from the surface†¦ she was turning in a leisurely way, light as a jellyfish in the water. Charlene and I had our hands on her, on her rubber cap† (Munro 12). The actions of the protagonists show the battle they are facing inside. This conflict tempts them to act on their hate and disgust towards Verna, demonstrated on their struggle to decide whether to drown her or not. This struggle clouds their judgement and eventually leads them to surrender to temptations, sequentially shedding them of their innocence. As Masters Student Elisa Vancoppernolle suggests, â€Å"Verna has done nothing to enrage the narrator but  acts somewhat strangely†¦children are monstrously conventional, repelled at once by whatever is off center, out of whack, unmanageable† (Vancoppernolle, 47-48). Vancoppernolle uses this truth of difference to explain how the characters actions were committed out of pure hatred. Lastly, Munro uses imagery to display how Marlene and Charlene succumb to their cruel intentions, transforming themselves into new people. This transformation is seen through the following narration: â€Å"Our eyes did not meet as the head of Verna tried to rise above the surface†¦ like a dumpling in a stew†¦ Charlene’s eyes were wide and gleeful as I suppose mine were too. I don’t think we felt wicked, triumphing in our wickedness† (Munro 12). This imagery shows the cruelty demonstrated by Marlene and Charlene as a product of their transformation from innocent children to violent murderers. Both characters act as if they are not ashamed of what they have done, but rather proud. The use of imagery in Child’s Play, clearly demonstrates how the characters begin to lose their purity. Oftentimes, the situations one encounters is influenced by their environmental conditions they are exposed to. This becomes visible in the characters Marlene and Charlene as shown through the use of foreshadowing. Munro uses foreshadowing to express an atmosphere of tension and frailty on the day Verna and the other specials arrive at camp. Marlene describes the tense surroundings by saying, â€Å"We were living in a stage set to be dismantled and with it all the friendships, enemies, rivalries that had flourished† (Munro 6). This use of foreshadowing reflects how the camp is about to fall apart. It exposes the link between the fragility of the characters and the atmosphere. In addition, the transition of the weather from sunny to stormy represents the events that are about to unfold, symbolizing their inner rage and aggression. This change in the environment is depicted through the narration: â€Å"The clouds darkened†¦. In the air there was what some people called the smell of the storm. † (Munro 7). The change in whether refers to the events that are about to occur. Furthermore, the darkening of the clouds reflects the darkness that lives inside of the protagonists, showing their drastic transition from innocence to guilt. Critic, Charles May emphasizes how the change in environment coincides with the change inside of the girls. He suggests that at the moment the clouds darken, â€Å"Marlene and Charlene take pleasure in spying on Verna and to observe how repulsive and monstrous she is† (May, EBSCO). He reveals how it is at this moment when the camp is full of menace. Foreshadowing also shows the haunting effects that Marlene and Charlene’s actions have on those around them. The effects of their actions are seen when Marlene’s mother voices her opinion. â€Å"How sad, how awful. There should have been supervision†¦ the foibles of my distant futile state† (Munro 1). The confusion of her mother allows one to realize that something awful has happened. Her mother’s words suggest that although Marlene may be a child, she is capable of horrible things, forcing her to lose her innocence. For both Marlene and Charlene, it is evident that unexpected events cause them to question their true identities. The irony in Child’s Play portrays the transition from unbreakable bond between childhood friends, to eventually becomes a distant relationship. The end of their friendship is seen when Marlene states, â€Å"I have not kept up with Charlene. I don’t even remember how we said goodbye†¦our parents arrived and we gave ourselves over† (Munro 7-8). The termination of the girl’s friendship is contrary to what the readers expects. The breaking of this powerful bond shows how as children grow up, they become less naive to the ways of the world. Another ironic event that occurs in the story is when Marlene discovers that Charlene is sick. Marlene describes this revelation when she says, â€Å"Charlene was in Princess Margret Hospital. Her cancer had begun in the lungs and spread to the liver. She had only a short time to live† (Munro 9). This irony expresses that as one grows older, they are faced with many more tragedies. These experiences show how the word is not a place where everything is safe and perfect; it is broken just as Marlene and Charlene are corrupted. Finally, the irony depicts the shocking turn of events when the reader finally learns that the girls kill Verna. This discovery is portrayed by this narration: â€Å"I can imagine the unease starting to set in†¦That someone is missing†¦one of the specials†¦What is her name? Verna. Is that not something out there in the water? † (Munro 12). When the death of Verna is revealed, one can see just how much the girls have changed. Their evolution from children to violent criminals subsequently causes their loss of innocence. Journalist Leah Hager proposes that Marlene and Charlene â€Å"transgressed not simply against propriety, but against human life itself† (New York Times). Hager concludes that one may be more similar to Marlene and Charlene than they originally thought, as the loss of innocence is a challenge that each person must overcome. Ultimately, the use of situational irony shows how the circumstances the protagonists face lead to their final loss of innocence. In conclusion the literary devices emphasize the great differences between Marlene, Charlene and Verna causing the characters to lose their innocence as they evolve into different people as their loss of innocence shapes them into their own person. The effect of the imagery, foreshadowing and situational irony causes one to question their similarity to Marlene and Charlene; desperate to escape the prison that they have created for themselves through their hatred and loathing.

Discuss How Shakespeare Uses Language Essay

Discuss how Shakespeare uses language and dramatic techniques for character development in Act 2 Scene 2 of Measure for Measure. Shakespeare uses a variety of linguistic devices and dramatic techniques for character development from Act 2 Scene 2 to Scene 4. We see Angelo’s precise, business-like persona transform to temptation, and final cruelty whilst we see the true, confident side of Isabella as as she attempts to convince Angelo to reverse his judgement, but eventually loses her ignorant hope on the realisation of his true ‘purpose’. In Act 2 Scene 2 Shakespeare portrays Angelo as precise, intelligently dealing with the pleas of Isabella to save the life of her brother by reversing the death sentence that has been handed down to him. The scene begins with the Provost and Angelo discussing Claudio’s punishment. The Provost dares to ask Angelo if he really wants Claudio murdered, ‘All sects, all ages smack of this vice, and he to die for’t!’, and Angelo states that he does, ‘Did not I tell yea? Hast thou no order? Why dost thou ask again? ’. Shakespeare instantly uses dramatic technique of foreshadowing the conflict that is to follow through the sharp words exchanged between the two. Provost then asks what’s to be done with the woman he got pregnant, Juliet. Angelo still refuses to relent, and says that Juliet, who is in labour, should go to a more fitting place, away from everything that is going on ‘Dispose of her To some more fitter place’ Shakespeare’s lexical choice conveys his ruthless nature to the audience, in this context would mean ‘send her away’, but of course reading the text using more modern language; ‘dispose’ is an unpleasant word, especially when referring to a human being, where it seems incongruous, especially in reference to a pregnant woman, thus subtly foreshadowing the revealing of Angelo’s animalistic nature later in the scene. Angelo also calls Juliet a ‘fornicatress’, the harsh constanents of the name once again conjuring the theme that is constantly present through the play, that of appearance versus reality. Although Juliet appears from Angelo’s quick appraisal to be just a sinful person, her reality is far more complex; she is much better than most women of the time, she is not a prostitute or adulterer, rather her only fault was not securing a marriage contract before she slept with her fiancee. She is actually a woman of strength and principle, not the simple sinner that Angelo’s developing harsh, cruel character reduces her to. Isabella comes to see Angelo innocently, as shy as she appeared in her first scene at the nunnery, and begins to plead with him for Claudio’s life, ‘I have a brother is condemned to die. I do beseech you, let it be his fault, And not my brother’. Angelo is portrayed to be business-like and unrelenting, ‘Condemn the fault, and not the actor of it? Why, every fault’s condemned ere it be done’ but Lucio urges her to persist, encouraging her ‘Ay, touch him, there’s the vein’ acting as a kind of Greek chorus for the audience. She does, and calls upon Angelo’s pity, mercy, and moderation; she recognises that Angelo has the power to enforce the law in full, but impresses upon him that one must use power with moderation. Isabella’s strategy is a keen one, trying to persuade Angelo to have the same mercy for her brother that she has. Once again, the issue of mercy is urged upon Angelo, as is the theme of human weakness, which all, Isabella stresses, fall victim to. Her character is portrayed as increasingly canny, when she has to be; her argument is strong and persuasive, although it is not her argument that causes Angelo to relent, but his attraction to her. Isabella also touches upon the theme of use of power; ‘it is excellent to have a giant’s strength,’ she tells Angelo, ‘but it is tyrannous to use it as a giant’, making an allusion to ‘Jove’ to demonstrate her point – even the gods, with tremendous power, know how best to use their awesome abilities. This is another lesson that Angelo’s character must learn; for although he can use the law to its full extent if he wishes, he has to learn how to temper his power with mercy and heed moderation. Comparing the characters of Angelo and Isabella, one could argue that Isabella is ‘the symbol of goodness and mercy set against a background of moral decay’. Alternatively, one could see her character as self-righteous and hypocritical, as we later discover when she values her chastity higher than her brother’s life. Isabella continues arguing with Angelo until he finally relents and tells her to come back the next day to hear his judgement. Everyone leaves, and Angelo speaks a rather striking soliloquy, apparently talking to himself ‘†¦what art thou Angelo? Dost thou desire her foully for those things that make her good? ’. Thus, through Shakespeare’s staging, we learn that Angelo admits to himself that he is in love with Isabella because of her virtue and purity. Often characters in Shakespeare’s plays have soliloquies but they do not often refer to themselves in third person and when they do, it is often a sign of madness. Perhaps Shakespeare is suggesting this as a sign for Angelo. What is certain is that he is struggling with an inward battle between what he knows he should do and what he desires to do, as his develops and starts questioning the morality of his own character. It is with great irony that Isabella’s call to Angelo to mark the weaknesses in his own heart is answered by Angelo’s acknowledgement that he is tempted by Isabella. It is this temptation that brings from Angelo his first statement of mercy toward Claudio: ‘O, let her brother live! Thieves for their robbery have authority when judges steal themselves!’ Shakespeare shows how Angelo realises that with experience of one’s own weakness comes mercy for others’ failings; however, he soon ignores this lesson, and falls into hypocrisy in Act 2 Scene 4. In this scene, Isabella comes back the next day as Angelo had asked, and he begins by saying that Claudio must die. Isabella begins to leave, but Angelo begins to tempt her to save her brother, by offering herself instead. Isabella ignorantly misunderstands Angelo’s subtle sexual offer, and he is forced to tell her plainly that if she sleeps with him he will let Claudio live. Angelo accuses her of hypocrisy, and they discuss the frailty of women. In terms of character development in this scene, Angelo begins in a state of agitation, pondering why he cannot pray and with a new awareness of how the appearance of things might not be true to reality. Where before Angelo was unified in his intentions and actions, he has now become internally divided, ‘O place, O form, How often does thou with thy case, thy habit, Wrench awe from fools, and tie the wiser souls to thy false seeming! Blood, thou art blood. ’- questioning the power of authority, position and outward appearance to convince even wise men that false men are virtuous. Shakespeare uses language of coercion, ‘wrench’ and ‘tie’, and apostrophe – ‘O place, O form’ to perhaps illustrate the sophisticated and baffling nature of false appearances. Shakespeare also shows how Angelo is beginning to seduce Isabella with subtle and ambiguous lexis, but moving more and more towards blunt, harsh and animalistic discourse as the scene progresses. ‘I have begun, and now I give my sensual race the rein’; Shakespeare shows how Angelo has almost been possessed by his animal side. This is perhaps emphasised by the use of horse imagery, ‘race the rein’, as well as the use of plosives and dentals ‘fit they consent to my sharp appetite’, drawing attention to his teeth and lips, reinforcing his sexual lust and passion for Isabella. When Isabella enters, however, she meekly accepts Angelo’s judgement, but as the scene progresses she continues to find her voice. As Angelo descends into sensuality, she seems to become more pious and religously extreme, almost swapping roles with Angelo. ‘Th’ impression of keen whips I’d wear as rubies, and strip myself to death’ – Shakespeare uses images of love, death and falgellation to express her disgust at the idea of submitting to Angelo. Though the sentiment is spiritual, the language and images are highly physical, suggesting that her character would resist the carnal sexuality by yielding herself to more gruesome lovers: torture and death. Her innocence is also shattered by Angelo’s crass offer – she seems shocked to find out that justice might not be as perfect as it appears. Her naivety is gradually stripped away as Angelo easily overcomes her threat to expose him, and she sees that virtue does not necessarily triumph over iniquity. Yet, she still has ignorant faith in the honour of her brother, Claudio, and trusts that he will defend her honour even at the cost of his life.

How and Why to Comment in Your PHP Code

How and Why to Comment in Your PHP Code A comment in PHP code is a line that is not read as part of the program. Its only purpose is to be read by someone who is editing the code. So why use comments? To let others know what youre doing. If you are working with a group of people or plan on anyone else ever using your script, the comments tell the other programmers what you were doing in each step. This makes it much easier for them to work with and to edit your code if needed.To remind yourself what you did. Although you may just be writing a quick script for yourself and dont see the need for comments, go ahead and add them in anyway. Most programmers have experienced coming back to edit their own work a year or two later and having to figure out what they did. Comments can remind you of your thoughts when you wrote the code. There are several ways to add a comment in PHP code. The first is by using // to comment out a line. This one-line comment style only comments to the end of the line or the current code block, whichever comes first. Here is an example: ?php echo hello; //this is a comment echo there; ? If you have a single line comment, another option is to use a # sign. Here is an example of this method: ?php echo hello; #this is a comment echo there; ? If you have a longer, multi-line comment, the best way to comment is with /* and  */ before and after a lengthy comment. You can contain several lines of commenting inside a block. Here is an example: ?php echo hello; /* Using this method you can create a larger block of text and it will all be commented out */ echo there; ? Dont Mix Comments Although you can nest comments within comments in PHP, do so carefully. Not all of them nest equally well. PHP supports C, C and Unix shell-style comments. C style comments end at the first */ they encounter, so dont nest C style comments.   If you are working with PHP and HTML, be aware that HTML comments mean nothing to the PHP parser. They wont work as intended and are likely to execute some function. So, stay away from:   !Comment

The Definition and Purpose of the Zero Article

The Definition and Purpose of the Zero Article In English grammar, the term  zero article  refers to an occasion in speech or writing where a noun or noun phrase is not preceded by an article (a, an, or the). The zero article is also known as the  zero determiner. In general, no article is used with proper nouns, mass nouns where the reference is indefinite, or plural count nouns where the reference is indefinite. Also, no article is generally used when referring to means of transport (by plane) or common expressions of time and place (at midnight, in jail). In addition, linguists have found that in  regional varieties of English known as New Englishes,  omitting an article is often done to express non-specificity. Examples of the Zero Article In the following examples, no article is used before the italicized nouns. My mothers name is Rose. I gave her a rose on  Mothers Day.Every mile is two in winter.This plant grows in  sandy soil and on the edges of swamps.David Rockefeller was authorized to hold the position of director of the Council on Foreign Relations. The Zero Article in American and British English In American and British English, no article is used before words such as  school, college, class, prison  or  camp  when these words are used in their institutional sense. The students start school in the fall.College provides opportunities for students to learn and meet new people. However, some nouns that are used with definite articles in American English are not used with articles in British English. When I was in the hospital, I often wished there were fewer hours in the day.[American English]When Elizabeth was in  hospital, she was occasionally visited by her parents.[British English] The Zero Article With Plural Count Nouns and Mass Nouns In the book English Grammar, Angela Downing writes that the loosest and therefore most frequent type of generic statement is that expressed by the zero article with plural  count nouns  or with  mass nouns. Count nouns are those that can form a plural, such as dog or cat. In their plural form, count nouns are sometimes used without an article, especially when they are referred to generically. The same is true when the noun is plural but of indefinite number. Dogs love to run around outside.The boy loves to play with toys. Mass nouns are those that cannot be counted, such as air or sadness. They also include nouns that are not usually counted but that can be counted in some situations, such as water or meat. (These nouns can be counted using certain measurements, such as some or much.) Clean air is important for a healthy environment.The man was overcome by sadness when he lost his home. Sources Cowan, Ron.  The Teachers Grammar of English: a Course Book and Reference Guide. Cambridge University Press, 2011.Downing, Angela.  English Grammar. Routledge, 2006.Platt, John T., et al.  The New Englishes. Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1984.

Possible Selves Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Possible Selves - Assignment Example Kail and Cavanaugh (2013) elaborate that possible selves constitute powerful motivator for people to struggle towards achieving their dreams and live satisfying life. Reflective judgment theory explores and details ways in which people base their reasoning through real life dilemmas that concern and revolve around religion, personal relationships and science among others (Kail & Cavanaugh, 2013). According to reflective judgment theory, there are seven stages of judgment. The seven stages are in three groups, namely prereflective thought that covers stages 1 to 3, quasi-reflective reasoning that covers stages 4-5 and reflective reasoning that covers stages 6 and 7. According to Kail and Cavanaugh (2013), prereflective thought of the reflective judgment theory that covers stages 1 to 3 makes people regard knowledge as something gained through the word(s) of a higher authority or firsthand observation rather than through evaluative and analytical reasoning of evidences. People exhibiting this element believe that their knowledge about life issues is absolutely correct and certain. Students in high school or colleges tend to apply prereflective thought in the process of learning. Since they do not want to challenge the knowledge of perceived intelligent and correct lecturers and teachers, they simply believe and trust instructions and lectures with little intent to seek further evidence. Teacher or lecturer is usually a person of higher authority and knowledge and cannot give false instructions or concepts to the students (Zytowski & D’Achiardi-Ressler, 2011). Believing instructions as given is usually a show of obedience, respect and disc ipline, which constitute elements of the so-called â€Å"good students†. In addition, prereflective thought of reflective judgment enable students to read, believe and grasp research findings documented in books

Enterprise resource planning Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Enterprise resource planning - Literature review Example Taking into account all the necessary precautions described in this review, readers can develop an accurate and effective ability to choose the correct ERP to fulfil their company’s needs. Enterprise Resource Planning The development of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) packages has evolved the software market in the most valuable segments of modern organizations. They have transformed over the past decade, every aspect of organisational process including sales, marketing, manufacturing and staffing. The first ERP systems that emerged were very expensive for small and medium companies and also required complex processes and maintenance to incorporate them. The detrimental effect that ERPs possess over the entire organization is deemed important for the development and prosperity of a business (Livermore & Ragowsky, 2002). As, such a combination of human and technical expertise is required in order to make a correct selection of vendor, implement the system accordingly and p rovide adequate support and maintenance. The instances of companies going bankrupt due to implement failure of an ERP system include prestigious firms, such as Mobil Europe, Nike, Reebok and Hershey. The continuous failures of the ERP system have raised the question of their viability and the risks involved with incorporating such practices (Chen, 2001). Based on available literature and real-life examples, this review will analyse the tasks needed in order to choose the correct ERP system, the implications that need to be considered, important procedures needed for implementation and future directions for research are proposed. History of ERP The predecessors of modern ERPs were made in the 1960’s with the manufacturing of early Material Requirements Planning (MRP) software by the partnership of J.I. Case with IBM.. However these solutions were big and expensive because they required a large technical staff to support the mainframe computers. In 1970’s the developme nt of faster and higher capacity storage enabled the development of a more integrated business information system. The introduction of COPICS concepts for IBM computers and subsequent birth of software companies such as SAP (Systemanalyse und Programmentwicklung) and Oracle among others, lead to increased technological advancements in MRPs. Its functions included scheduling and releasing manufacturing work orders and purchase orders (Chen, 2001). The MRP II system was created in the early 1980’s by J.D Edwards was later named manufacturing resource planning rather than its original acronym and adopted the MRP-II term to conjoin with the newer capabilities, such as integrating primary functions (production, marketing and finance) and personnel and engineering to improve the efficacy of the enterprise. During the late 80’s the update of CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing) framework offered a strategy to help integrate information in a consistent manner across the e nterprise, which was the key to the migrating path between MRP and ERP systems (Chung & Snyder, 2000). The term enterprise resource planning (ERP) was named in the early 1990s by the Gartner Group and included certain criteria to asses the extent of integration across many functional areas such as production from raw materials to work-in-process (WIP) to finished goods inventory (FGI), shipping and receiving

Can People Govern Themselves Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Can People Govern Themselves - Essay Example According to blog â€Å"a†, a business that only puts qualified people in leadership positions gives out good result while democracy lets any fool who is elected have power and the results are chaos. To an extent, I agree with the above statement because democracy is the rule by vote and a person can be popular based on other factors other than credibility and efficiency. It is not strange to find a company that was running well on profits suddenly collapse due to poor governance based on elected leader. While it is fair to include the views of the people in running an organization or a country, it is also wise to include serious scrutiny of their character and their effectiveness to the position they are being given. Democracy is not entirely bad as sometimes people’s judgment of character can be right through various interactions with the person or people vying for a leadership position; they can be able to tell whether the person will be effective. A person with soci al skills is highly favored as he or she is thought to understand and solve problems fairly. Choosing leaders based on qualifications is the other alternative. People with high qualifications and references are thought to have a proper managerial skill, organized and goal oriented. Their dedication to their studies is believed to be also reflected in the work they are entrusted with. However, people can be highly qualified but lack the necessary values needed to work in an organization such as honesty. In summary, democracy cannot work effectively on its own.

The anti communist feelings Essay Example for Free

The anti communist feelings Essay I think Arthur Miller has been very successful in the character of Parris because although he doesnt actually cause any of the damage directly he still makes him a thoroughly unpleasant character and I think that the audience would feel the same. I personally feel sorry for Parris because he isnt a bad man hes just a pathetic one.  I think a scene which shows a lot of the worst behaviour is act three in the court. The obvious examples are from Abigail and the girls when they pretend to be bewitched by Mary who gets terrified at their act. Their reason for doing this is that Abigail is angry with Mary for betraying them and wants her to be accused of witchcraft so that she has no choice but to go back and join them. The audience I think would have particularly drawn into the scene because it is very tense and a lot of things happen. When Elizabeth lies for John and when John is arrested I think would have been parts that made the audience particularly angry with Abigail. Miller creates tension in this scene especially in the part where Mary is getting hysterical with the girls repeating every word Mary says and stamping their feet. This makes they play come alive and be more exciting for the audience. But in this act the climax of the tension is John Proctors hysterical speech; A fire, a fire is burning! I hear the boot of Lucifer, I see his filthy face! And it is my face, and yours, Danforth! For them that quail to bring men out of ignorance, as I have quailed, and as you quail now when you know in all your black hearts that this be fraud God damns our kind especially, and we will burn, we will burn together! and the stage direction of insane laughter makes even more exciting. The best of behaviour is shown from Act three onwards because the characters consciences catch up with them and they have to take responsibility for their actions. One of the best cases of this is in reverend Hale, when he arrives he seems intent on finding witchcraft; I mean to crush him utterly if he has shown his face!(When talking about the devil. Act 1) but as the play progresses Miller changes the characters views completely. He goes from the accuser to helping the accused lie and Miller does this so subtly that the audience dont feel uncomfortable about this change. In act two he is beginning to waver by going to see the Proctors even though hes not on official business. In act three he announces I denounce these proceedings, I quit this court! and in act four we hear the defining quote of this character; There is blood on my head! Can you not see the blood on my head? referring to the lives of innocent people he has taken and is now feeling the strain on his conscience. I think that the audience would probably feel that Hale is someone who just tries to do his best and would not feel the same animosity towards him as Parris. Another example of the best of human behaviour is in Rebecca Nurse. She is a small character but helps give the play depth because all of the characters lives are intertwined which makes the audience feel like the characters are more personal. Rebecca is one of the only consistent characters in The Crucible she never changes her mind or lies to save herself even when faced with extremely gruelling circumstances. She never compromises her conscience by signing a false confession neither does she turn in her friends. When asked to sign a confession she replies Why, it is a lie, it is a lie; how may I damn myself? I cannot, I cannot.(Act 4) I think the audience would have liked Rebecca because she is the sort of character who doesnt change so is someone you can get comfortable with. I myself found Rebecca to be the most responsible of all the characters in the play despite having a small part. Eventually Rebecca is hanged which I think the audience would have been shocked and angry because she is a pure soul. Another person in this situation was Giles Corey who like Rebecca chose to be crushed to death rather than get other people in trouble. The most obvious example of the best behaviour is found in John Proctor in both the third and the fourth Acts. Where Miller makes him the hero by letting him confess to his sins and become a martyr. Miller creates the hero character for Proctor by letting have one final emotion filled speech about being true to your conscience and despite his admittance of an affair with Abigail the audience would like him and feel sympathy for him. The emotion of this final scene is only really shown when it is performed because of the stage directions Miller gives is what really creates tension. At first after seeing Elizabeth he decides to confess in order to stay with his family but when he is asked to sign the confession he finally snaps and his conscience takes over. His defining speech of the whole play is this final one; Because it is my name! Because I cannot have another in my life! Because I lie and sign myself to lies! Because I am not worth the dust on the feet of them that hang! How may I live without my name? I have given my soul; leave me my name! One of the other reasons he decides to die rather than sacrifice his morality is when he sees his friends go off to be hanged and their looks of surprise at seeing him lying. Another thing he says which also contributes to the decision was this; I have three children how may I teach them to walk like men in the world, and I sold my friends? this shows that he was thinking about how his family would feel if they knew he had lied. I personally found this scene the most emotionally draining of the entire play because you really get involved and start caring about the characters and I think that final speech is the best of the entire play. This essay has discussed many things that featured in The Crucible such as conscience and the way Arthur Miller made his characters either liked or disliked. All of the characters in this play were put under extreme pressure and in these situations the best scenes in the play arise. Overall I think that the best of human behaviour was presented more strongly than the worst because the characters that have the best behaviour are more strongly presented. But saying that Arthur Miller does successfully portray the worst of behaviour also because none of his characters are two-dimensional they all his separate lives which intertwine and so you feel for all of them even those who responsible for the deaths. In my introduction I aimed to show the parallels between puritan Salem and the anti communist feelings of right wing America. I have done so. The audience at both the time this was written and in the present day would find this play both emotionally challenging and exciting. The reaction to the last scene probably would have been tears, as I myself was close to tears when watching the film version. I also have achieved the link between the interrogation of Arthur Miller over his political beliefs and the witch hunts in Salem 1692, His reaction to the hysteria and how he wrote the play in protest to the somewhat ludicrous questioning of people in Salem.